Interaction Between Diet and Microbiota That Results In Clinical Entities Beyond The Gut

​

Environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, toxic chemicals, drugs and the gut microbiome play a significant role in the induction of autoimmune diseases that affect about 10% of the world’s population. These factors, in particular, changes in the microbial composition and their effect on the integrity of the gut barriers, are major players in autoimmunity. Based on experimental and clinical findings, ten different scenarios associated with the gut microbiome, allergies, and particularly autoimmunities will be presented.

​

Learning Objectives:

​

Attendees will gain an understanding of the following:

​

1. Mucosa-associated anaerobic bacteria in the Clostridia class through induction of regulatory T cells not only maintain intestinal homeostasis but protect against an anaphylactic response that is involved in classical IgE-mediated food allergy.

2. The real culprit for Crohn’s disease is Candida albicans, which cross-reacts with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, humoral immunity links C. albicans infection and celiac disease.

3. Adherent-invasive E. coli is involved in spondyloarthritis, a common extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD.

4. Dysbiosis with Prevotella copri via activation of autoreactive T cells induces inflammation and arthritis in the joints.

5. During dysbiosis, Yersinia enterocolitica releases a large quantity of immunogenic proteins that cross-react with thyrotropin receptor and initiate thyroid autoimmunity.

6. Cross-reaction between Campylobacter jejuni and various tissue antigens provide evidence as to how gut bacteria can induce different autoimmune diseases, including GBS.

7. A potential link between the gut bacterium Bacteroides fragilis ubiquitin and its significant identity with human ubiquitin contributes to lupus and other autoimmune disorders.

8. Gut bacteria Roseburia intestinalis is a trigger for anti-phospholipid syndrome due to mimicry with b2 glycoprotein-A.

9. Alteration in gut microbiome specific taxa, such as Akkermansia, and the toxins released are responsible for oligodendrocyte damage and the production of MOG antibody found in patients with multiple sclerosis.

10. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients have distinct gut microbiota and bacterial toxins such as LPS and BCdTB which cross-react with amyloid-b, contributing to amyloid plaques and tau tangle formation, which are the hallmarks of AD.

11. Connecting gut microbiota to food allergy and autoimmune diseases provides an option to modulate                intestinal and extra-intestinal immune response, and opens new potential therapeutic avenues.

​

​